The primary aluminum ingot casting process is intended for generating raw aluminum ingots from liquid primary aluminum. This process is critical in the production of high-purity aluminum products that are essential in various applications, including but not limited to aerospace components, electrical conductors, building materials, and transportation. The aluminum ingots produced through this process are also used in further manufacturing and fabrication processes that require primary aluminum. This LCA data set is specific to the process of casting primary aluminum ingots in the year 2013, and should be used with consideration to its temporal and geographical relevance. Users should also take into account that the primary aluminum (PA) data are obtained from statistical sources, while the secondary aluminum (SA) data are mainly derived from literature. For the background data, the CAS RCEES 2018 database should be consulted, which includes LCA information pertinent to energy, materials, transportation, and waste management within the Chinese context. When applying this data, users must pay attention to methodological consistency, ensuring that any comparative assessments follow appropriate category rules and boundaries.