The primary aluminum ingot casting process described in this data set is utilized in the production of high-purity aluminum ingots from liquid primary aluminum. These aluminum ingots are essential in various industries for their superior conductive properties and are commonly employed in the manufacture of electrical components, construction materials, and transportation vehicles. This data set primarily provides LCA data for researchers and industrial practitioners focusing on the environmental impact of the aluminum production process. Users should take into account that the primary aluminum (PA) data are based on statistical sources, secondary aluminum (SA) data are drawn from literature, and the background data are derived from the CAS RCEES 2018, a Chinese localized LCA database. When applying this data, attention should be paid to methodological choices such as system boundaries, inclusion or exclusion of recycling processes in assessment, and region-specific environmental impacts. The technological applicability of this data is current as of 2017 and users should verify the relevance of the data against current standards and practices.