Location: IN - India
This dataset describes the transport needed for an average export of hard coal from Russia to India. The transport within Russia is covered in the hard coal market, RU dataset. About 45% of Russian coal is consumed domestically, the rest is exported to Europe and Asia. The major coal ports are Murmansk, Ust-Luga, and Tuapse in the West for exports to Europe; Vanino and Vostochny in the East to handle exports to Asia.
Dust from transport and load/unload operations is included. Average coal losses are considered. Trade volumes are based on 2015 import data according to the United Nations (comtrade.org).
Note: Discrepancies of hard coal trade volumes between different statistical sources as well as between import and export statistics of the same source are primarily due to differences in coal classification methodologies, which are not uniform on a global basis. They also occur because of coal in-transit, coal that is unaccounted for, and reporting discrepancies by importing and exporting countries.
Undefined unit processes (UPRs) are the unlinked, multi-product activity datasets that form the basis for all of the system models available in the ecoinvent database. This is the way the datasets are obtained and entered into the database by the data providers. These activity datasets are useful for investigating the environmental impacts of a specific activity (gate-to-gate), without regard to its upstream or downstream impacts.