Location: BR - Brazil
This market represents this cement type in Brazil, delivered at the consumption point. The National Union of the Cement Industry estimated the average transport distances for cement as 400 km in Southeastearn and Southern regions of the Brazil, but high uncertainty is associated with it, as transportation distances can reach 1000 km in the Northern region (SNIC, 2013a, p.11). The data are considered representative for cement commercialization to construction activities in Brazil. The major part of cement (96 %) is distributed by road, but there is also a share of train and barge transportation (SNIC, 2013b, p.23).
EURO 3 emission standard (equivalent to PROCONVE 5) is assumed to represent the prevailing Brazilian road cargo fleet (45%), according to the inventory of road transport vehicles in 2013.
Ministry of Environment. 1st National Inventory of atmospheric emissions of road transport vehicles. 2013 http://www.anp.gov.br/wwwanp/images/Emissoes-Atmosfericas-1Inventariode…
The National Union of the Cement Industry. Press Kit. 2013a http://www.snic.org.br/pdf/presskit_snic_2013.pdf
The National Union of the Cement Industry. Annual Report. 2013b http://www.snic.org.br/pdf/RelatorioAnual2013final.pdf
Undefined unit processes (UPRs) are the unlinked, multi-product activity datasets that form the basis for all of the system models available in the ecoinvent database. This is the way the datasets are obtained and entered into the database by the data providers. These activity datasets are useful for investigating the environmental impacts of a specific activity (gate-to-gate), without regard to its upstream or downstream impacts.
