market for orange, processing grade, UPR, ecoinvent 3.6, Undefined
Location: GLO - Global
In this market, default transport model and expert judgement was used to develop product specific transport distance estimations.
The default transport distances are built on a generic model which assigns the transport distances based on the ISIC code. This approach is, especially in case of fruits and vegetables, rather coarse. So in a certain cases expert judgement is used to adjust the default distances.
The transport distances and associated impacts presented in the markets represents the average scenario for given geography. In case of fruits and vegetables the final impact at the consumer vary a lot depending on whether the food is consumed near the producer or far. The average impact of, for example, banana is overestimated if the consumer is present in Brazil and it is heavily underestimated is the consumer is present in Europe. The markets are modelled so, that editing to model concrete scenario is possible and easy.
Fruits and vegetables are traded all over the world on an increasing scale.
It is assumed, that all oranges which are transported are being transported by infrastructure equipped for transport of goods in need of atmosphere control.
The recomended conditions for transport of orange are (Hamburg Sud, 2013, Stay cool, We care); temperature (lemon): +10 to +14 °C, ventilation (lemon): 15 to 25 m3/h,
humidity (relative, lemon): 85 to 95%, approximate shelf life (in ambient air, lemon): 1 to 3 months.
Air transport is included for orange, fresh grade and not for orange, processing grade. This decision was made as the literature source for the values of airborne exports (O'Connell and Mason 2007) refers to "oranges, fresh".
(O'Connell,J. and Mason, B. (2007) The Role of Air Cargo in California’s Agricultural Export Trade: A 2007 Update. Center for Agricultural Business California Agricultural Technology Institute California State University, Fresno CATI Pub. #070801. Retrieved from: http://www.aci-na.org/static/entransit/Role-of-Air-Cargo-Calif.pdf, accessed 26th May 2016.)
Undefined unit processes (UPRs) are the unlinked, multi-product activity datasets that form the basis for all of the system models available in the ecoinvent database. This is the way the datasets are obtained and entered into the database by the data providers. These activity datasets are useful for investigating the environmental impacts of a specific activity (gate-to-gate), without regard to its upstream or downstream impacts.
This dataset represents a market activity in the ecoinvent database. A market activity is an activity that does not transform inputs, but simply transfers a specific intermediate exchange (i.e. products, including wastes and by-products) from supplying transforming activities to other transforming activities that demand this intermediate exchange as an input, e.g. from glycerine at the supplier to glycerine at the consumer. A market dataset collects all activities with the same reference product in a certain geographical region. Furthermore, it typically includes average transport requirements for that product within the geography in question, as well as inputs of the product itself to cover any losses in trade and transport. In other words, market activities are generally intended to represent consumption mixes of a given product in a certain geographical region. For more information: https://www.ecoinvent.org/support/faqs/methodology-of-ecoinvent-3/what-…
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