Several typical sludge treatment facilities in China, representing anaerobic digestion, composting, co-combustion, thermal drying-incineration, and cement production, respectively, are selected to carry out the inventory. Data are mainly taken from the site-specific measurement, either by field survey or by operation report. Sludge characteristics are based on the average values of the sites investigated. When using this data set, users should ensure that they account for the specific composting process parameters and emissions involved. It is imperative that users consider relevant local regulations and standards for composting and the subsequent use of the compost produced. The functional unit is one ton of dry sludge (1 t-DS); this should be the reference for any assessments and comparisons. Any potential environmental benefits or burdens from the use of compost as opposed to disposal without resource recovery should also be taken into account.