naphthalene sulfonic acid production, UPR, ecoinvent 3.6, Undefined
Location: RER - Europe
This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of naphthalene sulfonic acid obtained by sulfonation of naphthalene. Naphthalene sulfonic acid is used as an intermediate compound for the production of other chemical products which are used in various applications, such as azo dyes, concrete superplasticizers, tanning agents, dispersants and insecticides (Collin et al. 2003).
In this dataset the raw materials are modelled with stoechiometric calculations. The emissions are estimated, and the energy and water consumptions are approximated based on data from a large chemical factory (Gendorf 2016).
References:
Collin, G., Höke, H. and Greim, H. 2003. Naphthalene and Hydronaphthalenes. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.
Gendorf (2016) Umwelterklärung 2015, Werk Gendorf Industriepark, www.gendorf.de.
Undefined unit processes (UPRs) are the unlinked, multi-product activity datasets that form the basis for all of the system models available in the ecoinvent database. This is the way the datasets are obtained and entered into the database by the data providers. These activity datasets are useful for investigating the environmental impacts of a specific activity (gate-to-gate), without regard to its upstream or downstream impacts.
Naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (C10H8O3S; CAS 85-47-2, naphthalene-α-sulfonic acid) crystallizes from aqueous solutions as the dihydrate; dehydration (P2O5, 1.33 kPa) gives the anhydrous acid. Naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid is produced by adding naphthalene to 96 % sulfuric acid at 20 °C and slowly raising the temperature to 70 °C. After 3 h at 70 – 75 °C the reaction mass is poured into water and limed out. A technical-grade product is obtained by evaporation and a purer product by precipitating the aniline salt.
An alternative sulfonation process uses sulfur trioxide in a solvent such as tetrachloroethane.
Naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid is further sulfonated or nitrated without isolation. At lower temperature (35 °C), sulfuric acid with oleum yields the 1,5-disulfonic acid, whereas at higher temperature (100 °C) the 1,6-disulfonic acid is predominantly obtained. Nitration gives mainly the 5-nitro and 8-nitro derivatives (see Section Production and Properties). Production of 1-naphthol by caustic fusion (hydroxylation) has long since been superseded by alternatives for reasons of product quality (Section 1-Naphthol). A continuous process for the production of hexamethyldisilazane consisting of the concurrent actions of continuously introducing predetermined quantities per time unit of trimethylchlorosilane and gaseous ammonia to form a mixture of hexamethyldisilazane and ammonium chloride in a first reactor while simultaneously subjecting said mixture to continuous high shear agitation, for a time period related to the volume of the reactor and the quantities of trimethylchlorosilane and ammonia introduced, to form a slurry; and simultaneously separating the ammonium chloride from said slurry to provide a solution principally comprising hexamethyldisilazane, while continuing to introduce a continuous flow of further quantities of trimethylchlorosilane and ammonia as the hexamethyldisilazane is removed.
References:
Frischknecht R., Jungbluth N., Althaus H.-J., Doka G., Dones R., Heck T., Hellweg S., Hischier R., Nemecek T., Rebitzer G. and Spielmann M. (2007) Overview and Methodology. Final report ecoinvent v2.0 No. 1. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CH, retrieved from: www.ecoinvent.org.
Gerald Booth: Naphthalene Derivatives. Published online: 2000. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Seventh Edition, 2004 Electronic Release (ed. Fiedler E., Grossmann G., Kersebohm D., Weiss G. and Witte C.). 7 th Electronic Release Edition. Wiley InterScience, New York, Online-Version under: DOI: 10.1002/14356007.a17_009
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