The article is based on research data collected from farmers, using the theory of agricultural carbon footprint and life cycle assessment to quantitatively study the carbon footprint and its composition of the rice-wheat rotation system in the downstream area of the Yangtze River. It further analyzes the factors influencing the carbon footprint. When using this data set, it is important to ensure that the LCA is specific to the conditions and practices of the Northwest Ganzhou (Zhangye) region, including the reliance on chemical fertilizers and electricity in the agricultural input production system. Users must consider the geographical and technological specificity of the data. It is also important to maintain consistency with local agricultural added value ratios when extrapolating data. Users should account for all input production factors and economic costs, along with resource consumption and waste generated, in their life cycle inventory analyses. The output should include both agricultural products and emissions. Analyzing the carbon footprint should involve the entire lifecycle from input production to crop harvest.