Process steam from biomass (solid) 85%; technology mix regarding firing and flue gas cleaning; production mix, at heat plant; MJ, 85% efficiency

Categories:
Categories:
Processes/Energy conversion/Steam supply/Steam from biomass/Process steam from biomass 85%
Location:
IT - Italy
Reference year: 2011 - 2016
Description

The data set covers all relevant process steps and technologies along the supply chain. The national energy carrier mix is used for the process steam production for the corresponding reference year. A detailed power plant model is used, which combines measured (e.g. NOx) with calculated emission values (e.g. heavy metals). In general, the process steam efficiencies are: 85%, 90% and 95%. The inventory is partly based on primary industry data, partly on secondary literature data. The data set can be used for all LCA/CF studies where process steam from solid biomass is needed. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs.
If the amount of energy carrier to be converted to final energy is known, e.g. kilograms of hard coal, etc., the thermal energy data set from hard coal, etc. should be used. In contrary, if the amount of final energy consumed is known, e.g. kilograms of used process steam, the process steam from hard coal, etc. data set should be used.

Technology

Foreground system:
The process steam is produced in biomass (solid) specific heat plants. Also considered are the national and regional specific technology standards of the heat plants in regard to efficiency, firing technology, flue-gas desulphurisation, NOx removal and de-dusting.
The fossil power plant models combine emission data from literature with calculated values for non-measured emissions e.g. organics or heavy metals. For the emissions CO2, SO2, NOx, CO, CH4, N2O, NMVOC and particulate matter (PM) measured/calculated data are used, taken from national inventory reports, emission inventory data bases, utility companies and other sources. The calculation of other emissions within the models are based on energy carrier properties, transfer coefficients and power plant thermodynamics representing the applied flue gas treatment technologies and standards (flue gas desulphurisation, dust filter etc.). Combustion residues from solid fuels, such as gypsum, bottom ash or fly ash are assumed to be reused e.g. in construction work. Waste treatment for these substances is therefore not considered.
The Biomass (solid) supply considers the whole supply chain of the energy carrier from production, processing and transport of the fuels to the heat plants. The supply chain is modelled in a specific national / regional biomass (solid) consumption mix (i.e. domestic production and imports), and considers national / regional average biomass (solid) properties (e.g. elemental composition and energy content).
Background system:
Electricity: Electricity is modelled according to the individual country-specific situations. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly, individual energy carrier specific power plants and plants for renewable energy sources are modelled according to the current national electricity grid mix. Modelling the electricity consumption mix includes transmission / distribution losses and the own use by energy producers (own consumption of power plants and "other" own consumption e.g. due to pumped storage hydro power etc.), as well as imported electricity. Secondly, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled as well as the share of electricity plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Thirdly, the country-specific energy carrier supply (share of imports and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific energy carrier properties (e.g. element and energy content) are accounted for. Fourthly, the exploration, mining/production, processing and transport processes of the energy carrier supply chains are modelled according to the specific situation of each electricity producing country. The different production and processing techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different energy producing countries are considered, e.g. different crude oil production technologies or different flaring rates at the oil platforms.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to emission standards and considered energy carriers. The thermal energy and process steam are produced at heat plants. Efficiencies for thermal energy production are by definition 100% in relation to the corresponding energy carrier input. For process steam the efficiency ranges from 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity above).
Transports: All relevant and known transport processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Energy carriers: The energy carriers are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refining techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption, etc.) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific situation with the respective properties of the resources.

Process type
Fully aggregated
Supported nomenclature
ILCD
LCI modeling approach
Attributional
Multifunctional modeling
NOT_APPLICABLE
Format
ILCD
Aggregation type
VERTICAL
Data provider
Sphera
Review status
External
Cost
Free
License

GaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of PE INTERNATIONAL AG. PE INTERNATIONAL AG delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.
thinkstep has put this specific dataset into The Life Cycle Data Network (LCDN) (http://46.163.107.157:8080/Node/index.xhtml) under the following Creative Commons license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Contact
PE INTERNATIONAL