This dataset describes the direct emission process for rare earth oxides from ion-adsorption clays in Southern China. The described process is specifically for the production of mixed rare earth oxides, typically used in the manufacturing of magnets, catalysts, alloys, and glass. However, downstream processes including solvent extraction and metal production are not included within the system boundary of this dataset. When employing this dataset for a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), ensure that it is applicable to the geographical scope of your assessment – specifically Southern China. Recognize that this dataset represents attributional modeling based on economic allocation for multi-product processes and may not be suitable for studies necessitating consequential modeling. Downstream processes must be independently considered and are not covered by this dataset. Data users should also consider it is based on personal communications with experts and literature from China and may require review if applied in different technological or geographical contexts.