silicon production, metallurgical grade, UPR, ecoinvent 3.6, Undefined

Categories:
ISIC4 categories:
C:Manufacturing/20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products/201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms/2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals
Location:
NO - Norway
Reference year: 2000 - 2002
Description

Location: NO - Norway
This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of metallurgical-grade silicon (MG-silicon) with a purity of 99%. Silicon is used for the production of aluminium compounds (ca. 50%), silicones (plastics) (ca. 40%) and electronics (ca. 4%). Most of the MG-silicon is produced by carbothermic reduction. For the use in semiconductors further purification is necessary. About one million tonnes of MG-silicon with a purity of 98.5-99.5% was produced in the year 2000. The electricity use is the most important economic factors. The major producers are in Norway, the USA, South-Africa, Brazil, France and Australia.
This dataset is based on production in Norway (electricity supply is basically from hydropower), because most data are available for this country and it represents an important share of the total production. Most of the five production plants (Meraker, Bremanger, Fiskaa, Salten and Thamshavn) are in low-density populated areas and have a direct access to a harbour.
Reference(s):
Jungbluth N., Stucki M, and Frischknecht R. (2009) Photovoltaics. In Dones, R. (Ed.) et al., Sachbilanzen von Energiesystemen: Grundlagen für den ökologischen Vergleich von Energiesystemen und den Einbezug von Energiesystemen in Ökobilanzen für die Schweiz. ecoinvent report No. 6-XII, Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CH, 2009.
Undefined unit processes (UPRs) are the unlinked, multi-product activity datasets that form the basis for all of the system models available in the ecoinvent database. This is the way the datasets are obtained and entered into the database by the data providers. These activity datasets are useful for investigating the environmental impacts of a specific activity (gate-to-gate), without regard to its upstream or downstream impacts.

Technology

The production of MG-silicon with a purity of over 99% is based on carbothermal reduction of silica sand using petrol coke, charcoal and wood chips as reduction agents.
The technology used is modern; waste heat is partly recovered and used for electricity generation and/or district heating. Further improvement options for the process are mainly a further reduction of energy consumption by heat recovery, reduction of emissions with environmental technology and use of sustainable biogenic carbon sources instead of fossil carbon sources.
Reference:
Jungbluth N., Stucki M, and Frischknecht R. (2009) Photovoltaics. In Dones, R. (Ed.) et al., Sachbilanzen von Energiesystemen: Grundlagen für den ökologischen Vergleich von Energiesystemen und den Einbezug von Energiesystemen in Ökobilanzen für die Schweiz. ecoinvent report No. 6-XII, Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CH, 2009.

Process type
Unit
Supported nomenclature
ecoinvent 3.6
LCI modeling approach
Before modeling
Multifunctional modeling
NONE
Format
ECOSPOLD2
Aggregation type
NOT_APPLICABLE
Data provider
ecoinvent
Review status
External
Cost
For sale
License

ecoinvent EULA