Reference product: heat, district or industrial, other than natural gas [MJ]
Location: UA - Ukraine
This dataset has been created as a copy of the dataset for Europe (RER). Production volumes have been adjusted.
This dataset represents the treatment of blast furnace gas in an unspecified gas power plant with high voltage electricity and heat as by-product in Ukraine in 2012.
According to IEA (2008), blast furnace gas is obtained as a by-product in operating blast furnaces; recovered on leaving the furnace and used partly within the plant and partly in other steel industry processes or used in power stations equipped to burn it.
The efficiency calculations are based on IEA/OECD statistics (fuel inputs, electricity produced). No exergy correction could be made due to incomplete data (see ecoinvent report 'Erdgas' p. 128 for details).
Water is used for wet cooling and as feed water in the steam circuit. In this dataset, 100% wet cooling and no once-through cooling is assumed.
EMISSIONS:
Emission data have partly been overtaken from a dataset representing the production of electricity in a natural gas power plant. Data have partly been adapted to the different composition of natural gas and blast furnace gas (see tab. 11.16 in ecoinvent report 'Erdgas').
Different sources served as basis for assumption of average emissions. Where possible, the most recent sources were taken into account, whereas older sources were taken in order to determine the remaining data gaps. The emissions have been fixed for the former UCTE region* and have been overtaken as such for all countries without value adaptation (adaptation of the uncertainty). See ecoinvent report 'Erdgas' given as main source for details (Tab. 11.15 and tab. 11.18). In the following a short overview:
- Emissions of NOx, CO, CO2, SO2, particles, N2O and CH4 are mainly taken from CORINAIR 2001, Rentz et al. 2002, and Swedish EPA 2000 (see tab. 11.1) and are basically valid for European countries.
- NOx emissions are a major challenge in natural gas power plants. With rising temperature, emissions also rise; band widths of NOx emissions in literature are correspondingly large. There are several methods to diminish these emissions.
- CO is a result of incomplete burning. For economic and technical reasons, plant combustion is optimized and CO emissions are low.
- CO2 and SO2 emissions are depending on the composition of the used fuel.. Due to high shares of CO and CO2 in blast furnace gas, CO2 emissions are relatively high for this type of gas. In contrast, some literature sources assume no sulfur in blast furnace gas, so that SO2 emissions are very low in this dataset.
- Organic compound emissions are estimated on the basis of EPA 1998.
- Particles are assumed to be smaller than 2.5 micro-m
Sources:
EMEP/CORINAIR 2001: Joint EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, Third Edition. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency, 2001. http://reports.eea.eu.int/technical_report_2001_3/en.
Rentz O., Karl U., Peter H. (2002). Ermittlung und Evaluierung von Emissionsfaktoren für Feuerungsanlagen in Deutschland für die Jahre 1995, 2000 und 2010. Deutsch- Französisches Institut für Umweltforschung, Uni Karsruhe. Endbericht. Im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes. Forschungsbericht 299 43 142. Umweltbundesamt. Berlin.
Swedish EPA (2000) Emission Factors. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.
IEA/OECD. 2008. Coal information 2008. International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris Cedex (FR)
*former UCTE: Union for the Coordination of the Transmission of Electricity, since 2009 replaced by ENTSO-E European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity.
[This dataset has been generated using the system model "Allocation, cut-off by classification". A system model describes how activity datasets are linked to form product systems. The allocation cut-off system model subdivides multi-product activities by allocation, based on a physical properties, economic, mass or other properties. By-products of waste treatment processes are cut-off, as are all by-products classified as recyclable. Markets in this model include all activities in proportion to their current production volume.
Version 3 of the ecoinvent database offers three system models to choose from. For more information, please visit: https://www.ecoinvent.org/database/system-models-in-ecoinvent-3/system-…)]